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Sustainable Energy Research

Table 1 Definition of variables and data sources

From: The asymmetric effect of oil price on ecological footprint: evidence from oil-producing African countries

Variable

Code

Measurement

Source

Ecological footprints

EF

Global hectares per head

GFN

Crude OP

OP

USD

US EIA

Real GDP per capita

GDP

Constant 2015 USD

WDI

Non-renewable energy consumption

NRE

% of total consumption

WDI

Renewable energy consumption

RE

% of total consumption

WDI

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