Table 3 Parameters of the model and references

Transportation cost from supplier ‘i’ to pellet factory ‘j’

\({T}_{ij}\)($/kg)

Appendix 1

(Vazifeh et al., 2021)

Capacity of supplier ‘i’

S_i (kg)

Appendix 2

(Mafakheri et al., 2020)

Biomass price of supplier ‘i’ with and without discount

\({P}_{i}^{l,u}\)($/kg)

Appendix 2

(Mafakheri et al., 2020)

Biomass harvesting cost for supplier ‘i’

\({\mathrm{hs}}_{i}\)($/kg)

0.4 (for all suppliers)

(Vazifeh et al., 2021)

Wood pellet ordering cost from pellet factory ‘j’ with and without discount

\({P}_{j}^{l,u}\)($/kg)

Appendix 3

(Mobini, 2015)

Conversion rate of wood pellet to electricity

\({fc}\)(kWh/kg)

4.7, 4.8, 4.6

(Mobini, 2015)

Loading factor of energy convertor ‘k’

\({Lf}_{k}\)(%)

0.80, 0.85, 0.80

(Vazifeh et al., 2023a, 2023b)

Electricity generation cost from biomass

\({LB}_{k}\)($/kWh)

0.046, 0.044, 0.048

(Vazifeh et al., 2021)

Electricity generation cost from diesel

\({LD}_{k}\)($/kWh)

0.208, 0.25, 0.207

(Mafakheri et al., 2020)

Demand in energy convertor ‘k’ at time t

\({D}_{k}^{t}\)(kWh)

Appendix 4

(Mafakheri et al., 2020)

Capacity of electricity generation

\({Z}_{k}\)(kW)

500 (for all communities)

(Mafakheri et al., 2020)