Table 2 Recent investigated catalysts for one-pot CO2-to-DME process
From: Advances in CO2 circulation hydrogen carriers and catalytic processes
Catalyst | Preparation method | Metal-acid phase ratio (wt/wt) | GHSV (mLg–1cath–1) | TR; PR (°C; bar) | XCO2 (%) | YDME (%) SDME (%) | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
6CuO–3ZnO–1Al2O3/HZSM-5 | Precipitation by Na2CO3 + mechanical mixing | 1.5:1 | 3000 | 260;30 | 29 | SDME = 65 | (Naik et al., 2011) |
6CuO–3ZnO–Al2O3/γ-Al2O3 | 1.5:1 | 3000 | 260;30 | 14 | SDME = 57 | ||
CuZnAl/Al–Zr–SBA-15 | Hydrothermal + physical mixing | 1:1 | 1500 | 240;30 | 22.5 | SDME = 73 YDME = 16.5 | (Mondal & Yadav, 2022) |
CuZnAl/HZSM-5 | 1:1 | 1500 | 240;30 | 23.5 | SDME = 66.5 YDME = 15.7 | ||
CZA/HZSM-5 | Stepwise precipitation + slurry mixing | Not reported | 1440 | 240;28 | 25.6 | YDME = 17.2 | (Fan et al., 2023) |
ZrO2-CZA/HZSM-5 | YDME = 18.4 | ||||||
CuO–Fe2O3–ZrO2/HZSM-5 | Co-precipitation | 1:1 | 1500 | 260;30 | 28.4 | YDME = 18.3 | (Liu et al., 2013) |
CuO–ZnO–Al2O3–La2O3/HZSM-5 | Coprecipitation + grinding | 2:1 | 3000 | 250;30 | 43.8 | YDME = 31.2 | (Gao et al., 2013) |
(CuO–ZnO–Al2O3 + HZSM-5)/ MWCNT | Coprecipitation in urea/CNT solution | 1:1 | 1800 | 262; 30 | 46 | YDME = 21 | (Zha et al., 2013) |
(CuO/ZnO/Al2O3) Amorphous silica–alumina | Coprecipitation + Core–shell encapsulation |  | 8800 | 240;30 | 47.1 | YDME = 19.9 | (Zha et al., 2012) |
CuO–ZnO–Al2O3/SAPO-18 | Physical mixing | 2:1 | Not reported | 275:30 | 10 | SDME = 68.9 YDME = 14.5 | (Ateka et al., 2017) |
Hyb–pwd–CuO–ZnO-ZrO2/MFI | Co-precipitation + 3D printing | 1:1 | 1000 | 260;30 | 23.6 | SDME = 42.6 | (Bonura et al., 2023) |
Hyb-3D–CuO–ZnO–ZrO2/MFI | |||||||
22.8 | SDME = 36 | ||||||
Cu/Zn/Al/ZSM-5 | Co-precipitation |  | 7500 | 275;40 | 35 | YDME = 23 | (Ereña et al., 2005) |
Cu/Zn/Al/γ-Al2O3 | |||||||
40 | YDME = 10 |