Table 2 Comparison between different MPPT algorithms (V voltage, I current, Ir irradiance)
From: A review study of photovoltaic array maximum power tracking algorithms
MPPT technique | PV array dependence | True MPPT | Analog/digital | Periodic tuning | Convergence speed | Implementation complexity | Sensors | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. | Hill-climbing P&O (Sera et al. 2006; Busa et al. 2012; Jusoh et al. 2014; Kamarzaman and Tan 2014) | No | Yes | Both | No | Vary | Low | V and I |
2. | Incremental conductance (Esram and Chapman 2007; Yadav et al. 2012; Rashid 2011; Zainudin and Mekhilef 2010; Jusoh et al. 2014; Kamarzaman and Tan 2014) | No | Yes | Digital | No | Vary | Medium | V and I |
3. | Fractional Voc (Kumari and Babu 2011; Lee 2011; Jusoh et al. 2014; Kamarzaman and Tan 2014) | Yes | No | Both | Yes | Medium | Low | V |
4. | Fractional Isc (Kumari and Babu 2011; Lee 2011; Jusoh et al. 2014; Kamarzaman and Tan 2014) | Yes | No | Both | Yes | Medium | Medium | I |
5. | Fuzzy logic control (Ali et al. 2012; Rezaei and Gholamian 2013; Takun et al. 2011; Rahmani et al. 2013; Jusoh et al. 2014; Kamarzaman and Tan 2014). | Yes | Yes | Digital | Yes | Fast | High | Varies |
6. | Yes | Yes | Digital | Yes | Fast | High | Varies | |
7. | No | Yes | Analog | No | Fast | Low | V and I | |
8. | Current weep (Ali et al. 2012) | Yes | Yes | Digital | Yes | Slow | High | V and I |
9. | DC link capacitor droop control (Ali et al. 2012) | No | No | Both | No | Medium | Low | V |
10. | Load I or V maximization (Ali et al. 2012) | No | No | Analog | No | Fast | Low | V and I |
11. | dP/dV or dP/dI feedback control (Ali et al. 2012) | No | Yes | Digital | No | Fast | Medium | V and I |
12. | β method (Ali et al. 2012) | Yes | Yes | Digital | No | Fast | High | V and I |
13. | System oscillation method (Ali et al. 2012) | Yes | Yes | Analog | No | N/A | Low | V |
14. | Constant voltage tracker (Ali et al. 2012; Coelho et al. 2010) | Yes | No | Digital | Yes | Medium | Low | V |
15. | Lookup table method (Ali et al. 2012; Abdulmajeed et al. 2013) | Yes | Yes | Digital | Yes | Fast | Medium | V, I, T, and Ir |
16. | Online MPP search algorithm (Ali et al. 2012) | No | Yes | Digital | No | Fast | High | V and I |
17. | Yes | No | Digital | Yes | Slow | High | V and I | |
18. | Linear current control (Ali et al. 2012) | Yes | No | Digital | Yes | Fast | Medium | Ir |
19. | IMPP and VMPP computation (Morales 2010) | Yes | Yes | Digital | Yes | N/A | Medium | Ir and T |
20. | State based MPPT (Ali et al. 2012) | Yes | Yes | Both | Yes | Fast | High | V and I |
21. | OCC MPPT (Ali et al. 2012) | Yes | No | Both | Yes | Fast | Medium | I |
22. | BFV (Ali et al. 2012) | Yes | No | Both | Yes | N/A | Low | None |
23. | LRCM (Esram and Chapman 2007) | Yes | No | Digital | No | N/A | High | V and I |
24. | Slide control (Esram and Chapman 2007; Ali et al. 2012; Tse et al. 2002; Chen 2011; Reported issued by National Instruments 2009; Faranda and Leva 2008; Walker et al. 2011; Ji et al. 2009; Khatib et al. 2010; Jain and Agarwa 2007; Sera et al. 2006; Busa et al. 2012; Yadav et al. 2012; Rashid 2011; Zainudin and Mekhilef 2010; Kumari and Babu 2011; Lee 2011; Rezaei and Gholamian 2013; Takun et al. 2011; Rahmani et al. 2013; Coelho et al. 2010; Abdulmajeed et al. 2013; Israel 2015; Morales 2010; Ghazanfari and Farsangi 2013) | No | Yes | Digital | No | Fast | Medium | V and I |
25. | Temperature method (Ali et al. 2012; Faranda and Leva 2008; Brito et al. 2013) | Yes | Yes | Digital | Yes | Medium | Low | V and T |
26. | IC Based On PI (Brito et al. March 2013; Lyden and Haque 2015) | No | Yes | Digital | No | Fast | Medium | V & I |
27. | Three point weight comparison (Ali et al. 2012)(Walker et al. 2011; Jiang et al. 2005). | No | Yes | Digital | No | Low | Low | V and I |
28. | POS control (Ali et al. 2012) | No | Yes | Digital | No | N/A | Low | I |
29. | Biological swarm chasing MPPT (Ali et al. 2012) | No | Yes | Digital | No | Varies | High | V, I, T and Ir, |
30. | Variable inductor MPPT (Ali et al. 2012) | No | Yes | Digital | No | Varies | Medium | V and I |
31. | INR method (Ali et al. 2012) | No | Yes | Digital | No | High | Medium | V and I |
32. | Parasitic capacitances (Zainudin and Mekhilef 2010; Rekioua and Matagne 2012; Hohm and Ropp 2003). | No | Yes | Analog | No | High | Low | V and I |
33. | No | Yes | Digital | No | High | Medium | V and I | |
34. | Modified INC algorithm (Mastromauro et al. 2012) | No | Yes | Digital | No | Medium | High | V and I |
35. | Pilot cell (Kumar et al. 2013) | Yes | No | Both | Yes | Medium | Low | V and I |
36. | Modified Perturb and Observe (Liu et al. 2004) | No | Yes | Digital | No | High | Medium | V and I |
37. | Estimate, Perturb and Perturb (Liu et al. 2004; Yafaoui et al. 2007) | No | Yes | Digital | No | High | Medium | V and I |
38. | Numerical method quadratic interpolation (QI) (Hu et al. 2009) | No | Yes | Digital | No | High | Medium | V and I |
39. | MPP locus characterization (Israel 2015) (Vladimir et al. 2009) | Yes | High | Low | V and I | |||
40. | CVT + INC CON (P&O) + VSS method (Go et al. 2011) | Yes | Yes | Both | No | High | Medium | V |
41. | Piecewise linear approximation with temperature compensated method (Yang and Yan 2013) | Yes | Yes | Both | Yes | High | Low | V, I, T, and Ir, |
42. | Particle swarm optimization PSO algorithm (Mandour and Elamvazuthi 2013; Lyden and Haque 2015) | No | Yes | Digital | No | High | Low | V and I |
43. | PSO-INC structure (Mandour and Elamvazuthi 2013) | No | Yes | Digital | No | High | Low | V and I |
44. | Dual carrier chaos search algorithm (Zhou et al. 2012) | No | Yes | Digital | No | High | Medium | V and I |
45. | Algorithm for stimulated annealing (SA) (Rahman et al. 2013) | Yes | Yes | Digital | No | High | High | V and I |
46. | VH-P&O MPPT algorithm (Abdalla et al. 2011) | No | Yes | Digital | No | Medium | Medium | V |
47. | Artificial neural network (ANN) based P&O MPPT (Amrouche et al. 2007; Kamarzaman and Tan 2014) | No | Yes | Both | No | High | Medium | V and I |
48. | Ant colony algorithm (Qiang and Nan 2013) | No | Yes | Digital | No | High | Medium | V and I |
49. | Variable DC link voltage algorithm (Lee and Lee 2013) | No | Yes | Digital | No | Medium | Medium | V |
50. | Extremum seeking control method (ESC) (Reisi et al. 2013) | No | Yes | Both | No | Fast | Medium | V and I |
51. | Gauss–Newton method (Xiao et al. 2007) | No | Yes | Digital | No | Fast | Low | V and I |
52. | Steepest-descent method (Xiao et al. 2007) | No | Yes | Digital | No | Fast | Medium | V and I |
53. | Analytic method (Rodriguez and Amaratunga 2007) | Yes | No | Both | Yes | Medium | High | V and I |
54. | Azab method (Azab 2008) | Yes | Yes | Digital | Yes | Medium | Low | – |
55. | Newton-like extremum seeking control method (Zazo et al. 2012) | No | Yes | Analog | No | Fast | High | V |
56. | Sinusoidal extremum seeking control method (Leyva and Olalla 2012) | No | Yes | Analog | Yes | Fast | High | V and I |
57. | low-power (<1 W) (Lapeña et al. 2010) | Yes | Yes | Analog | No | Fast | Low | V |
58. | GA-optimized ANN (Kulaksiz and Akkaya 2012) | No | Yes | Digital | Yes | Fast | High | V, T and Ir |
59. | Differential evolution (DE) (Kamarzaman and Tan 2014) | No | Yes | Digital | No | Fast | Low | V and I |
60. | Ripple correlation control (Lyden and Haque 2015) | No | No | No | Fast | Low | – | |
61. | Chaos search (Lyden and Haque 2015) | No | Yes | No | Fast | Medium | – | |
62. | Simulated annealing (Lyden and Haque 2015) | No | Yes | No | Varies | Low/moderate | – |