Energy storage system design for large-scale solar PV in Malaysia: techno-economic analysis

Sustainable Energy Research

Table 3 Characteristics of the PV panel

Parameter	Value	Unit	References
Operating temperature	47	°C	HOMER Pro
Efficiency	19	%	Solar panel efficiency \| Solar System Malaysia (2012)
Derating factor	80	%	PV Derating Factor (2018)
Lifetime	25	Years	HOMER Pro
Energy cost	727	USD/kWh	SEDA (2016)
Performance degradation	1	%	Ye et al. (2014)